Guides
Is CPython Moving to Rust? What the Proposal Says
Python’s core team is proposing optional Rust code in CPython 3.16, starting with zlib. What’s proposed, what isn’t decided, and what it means for you
Can You Deploy Python to Cloudflare Workers?
Cloudflare Python Workers reached general availability in September 2026 — FastAPI, Django, and Flask run natively, with real limitations worth knowing first
Can pnpm Manage Python Dependencies?
pnpm 12.5 added Python as a first-class ecosystem — automatic interpreter installation, managed virtual environments, and PyPI package support explained
What Is Alembic? Database Migrations Explained
How Alembic tracks and applies versioned schema changes for SQLAlchemy projects, and why you need it the moment a database schema has to change
What Is Hugging Face?
How the Hugging Face Hub, Transformers library, and Spaces fit together, and why it’s become the default starting point for working with open models in Python
What Is Loguru? Python Logging Explained
Loguru replaces the standard library’s logging setup with sensible defaults, structured output, and rotation built in from the start
What Is MarkItDown? Docs to Markdown Explained
Microsoft’s tool for converting Office documents, PDFs, and other files into clean Markdown — and why that matters for feeding documents to an LLM
What Is the OpenAI Python Library?
The official Python client for the OpenAI API — chat completions, embeddings, streaming, and function calling — and how it fits with Instructor and Pydantic AI
What Is Pydantic? Python Validation Explained
How Pydantic validates and parses data using Python type hints, and why it’s become the default choice underneath FastAPI and most of the modern AI stack
What Is Rich? Terminal Formatting Explained
How Rich turns plain terminal output into formatted tables, progress bars, and syntax-highlighted text with just a few lines of Python
What Is Smolagents? Hugging Face’s Agent Library
A minimal, code-first agent library from Hugging Face — how it differs from heavier frameworks like LangChain, and when its simplicity is the point
What Is yt-dlp? Python Library and CLI Guide
yt-dlp is a command-line video and audio downloader you can also import as a Python library. Install it, see working code, and what it needs.
Python Generators Explained
Generators produce values one at a time instead of building a full list in memory — what yield actually does, and when it matters
What Is Celery? Python Task Queues Explained
Celery runs slow work outside the request/response cycle — here’s what it actually does, when you need it, and simpler alternatives for smaller projects
What Is Mojo? Chris Lattner’s New AI Language Explained
Mojo combines Python syntax with systems-level performance for GPU/CPU workloads — what it actually is, now that it’s hit 1.0 and gone open source
What Is Ollama? Running LLMs Locally Explained
Ollama runs open-weight LLMs on your own machine with a simple CLI and local API — what it actually does, and why you’d use it over a hosted API
What Is MCP (Model Context Protocol)? A Python Guide
What the Model Context Protocol actually standardizes, how it differs from LangChain or DSPy, and a basic FastMCP server example
DSPy Explained: Programming, Not Prompting, Language Models
What DSPy is, how it differs from hand-writing prompts, and a basic example of defining a module and letting DSPy optimize it
FastAPI and HTMX: Interactive UIs Without a JS Framework
How FastAPI and HTMX pair together to build dynamic, interactive web apps using server-rendered HTML instead of a JavaScript frontend framework
Python Decorators Explained: What and When to Write One
How Python decorators actually work under the hood, with the built-in decorators you already use and a guide to writing your own
The Python Standard Library: Built-In Modules Worth Knowing
The standard library modules you’ll actually reach for regularly — no pip install required, already in every Python installation
Python Virtual Environments Explained: venv vs uv vs conda
What a Python virtual environment actually is, why every project needs one, and how venv, uv, and conda differ in creating them
requirements.txt vs pyproject.toml: What’s the Difference
Why Python packaging moved from requirements.txt to pyproject.toml, what each actually does, and whether you still need a requirements.txt file
Streamlit Explained: Turning Python Scripts Into Web Apps
What Streamlit actually does, a basic example, and when to reach for it instead of Flask or FastAPI
What Does Black Do? Python’s Code Formatter Explained
How Black formats Python code, why it’s deliberately unconfigurable, and how it differs from autopep8 and yapf
What Is Uvicorn? The ASGI Server Behind FastAPI, Explained
Uvicorn is the ASGI server every FastAPI app runs on — how it works, and the production setup (Gunicorn workers, graceful shutdowns) most tutorials skip