SQLAlchemy
The Python SQL toolkit and ORM — provides full SQL expression language and a powerful object-relational mapper for database work
Visit SQLAlchemy →SQLAlchemy operates at two levels: a Core layer for writing SQL expressions directly in Python (still database-agnostic, still composable), and an ORM layer on top mapping Python classes to database tables — most projects use the ORM day to day and drop to Core when they need a query the ORM’s abstractions don’t express cleanly.
It’s the default ORM choice for Flask and FastAPI projects, which don’t ship a built-in ORM the way Django does — paired with Alembic for schema migrations, it covers what Django’s ORM+migrations bundle handles in one package, just as two separate pieces.